in addition to 与“就远原则”
in addition to 是一个常见的英语介词短语,意为“除……之外(还)”。在句子中,它常被误认为是并列连词(如 and),但实际上它引导的是介词宾语,不影响主语的单复数形式。
什么是“就远原则”?
“就远原则”(也称“远端主语原则”)是指:当主语后接有 with、along with、as well as、together with、including、in addition to 等插入成分时,谓语动词的单复数形式仍由主语本身决定,而不是由插入成分后的名词决定。
例句对比
- 正确: The teacher,
in addition tothe students, is attending the meeting.
(主语是 the teacher(单数),所以谓语用 is) - 错误: The teacher, in addition to the students, are attending the meeting.
- 正确: The students,
in addition tothe teacher, are attending the meeting.
(主语是 the students(复数),所以谓语用 are)
常见误区
许多学习者容易将 in addition to 与 and 混淆。例如:
The teacher and the students are...→ 主语为复数,谓语用复数。The teacher, in addition to the students, is...→ 主语仍是 the teacher,谓语用单数。
关键区别在于:in addition to 引导的是附加信息,不是并列主语。
总结
使用 in addition to 时,请牢记“就远原则”:谓语动词的形式只看真正的主语,忽略 in addition to 后的内容。这是英语主谓一致中的重要规则之一。