“Spent doing sth” 与 “to do” 用法详解
引言
在英语学习中,动词 spend 后面接什么形式(doing 还是 to do)常常让人困惑。本文将清晰讲解两者的区别、正确用法,并通过例句和小测验帮助你掌握。
基本规则
动词 spend 表示“花费(时间/金钱)”时,其后通常接 动名词(doing),而不是不定式(to do)。
✅ I spent two hours reading this book.
✅ She spent all her savings buying a new car.
❌ I spent two hours to read this book.
❌ She spent all her savings to buy a new car.
为什么用 doing 而不是 to do?
这是因为 spend 强调的是“在某项活动上投入时间或金钱”,而动名词(-ing 形式)本身就表示一种持续的活动或过程,逻辑上更自然。
相比之下,不定式(to do)常用于表示目的,而 spend 并不表达目的,而是描述已经发生的消耗行为。
常见结构
- Spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) + doing something
(in 可省略,口语中几乎总省略)
- 例如:
- He spent the weekend cleaning his apartment.
- We spent $500 repairing the roof.
例外情况?
严格来说,在标准英语中,spend ... to do 是不符合语法的。但在极少数非正式语境中,有人可能误用,但应避免。
注意:有些动词如 use 或 take 可以接不定式,但 spend 不行:
✅ It took me two hours to finish the report.
✅ I used my savings to buy a bike.
❌ I spent two hours to finish the report.
小测验
请选择正确的句子: